Doctors test for swallowing problems, also called dysphagia, by first asking about your symptoms and examining how you eat, drink and swallow.
Depending on what they find, you may be referred to a speech and language therapist or a throat specialist. Tests can include a clinical swallowing assessment, a videofluoroscopy, an endoscopy or other investigations to find out where the problem is and what is causing it.
Dysphagia is estimated to affect around 7–22% of the general population, although rates vary between groups.
Speak to Dr Nick Hamilton ENT about swallowing difficulty treatment in London, by emailing us today at secretary@throatspecialist.co.uk
Key takeaways
- Your GP may refer you for a swallowing assessment with a speech and language therapist.
- Tests such as videofluoroscopy can show what happens when you swallow in real time.
- Treatment depends on the cause and may include exercises, diet changes, medicines or, in some cases, surgery.
What are the typical causes of swallowing problems?
Swallowing difficulties can have many causes. Some affect the muscles and nerves involved in swallowing, while others affect the throat or food pipe.
- Stroke
- Acid reflux
- Neurological conditions
- Medicines
- Cancer
- Dementia
- Muscle disorders
- Head injury
Dysphagia can cause coughing or choking when eating or drinking, food feeling stuck in the throat or chest, a wet or gurgly voice, drooling and difficulty chewing. If it continues, it can contribute to dehydration, weight loss and repeated chest infections.
See also: What should I do if I am having difficulty swallowing?
Do I go to the GP first about swallowing problems?
In most cases, your GP is a good place to start. They will ask when the problem started, whether it happens with food, drinks or both, and whether you have other symptoms.
Your GP may examine your mouth and throat and decide whether you need further tests. You may then be referred to a speech and language therapist, dietitian or another specialist.
The type of test you need depends on your symptoms. A speech and language therapist may watch you eat and drink and assess how safely you are swallowing before recommending further investigations.
When should I see a specialist about swallowing problems?
You may need to see a specialist if your swallowing problem is persistent, getting worse or affecting your ability to eat and drink safely. You should seek medical advice if you regularly cough or choke while eating, feel that food is getting stuck or are losing weight without trying.
One common specialist test is videofluoroscopy which usually takes around 20 minutes. This is a moving X-ray that records your swallowing as it happens. You may be asked to swallow different foods and drinks mixed with a contrast substance.
The test can show whether food or liquid is entering your airway and whether particular positions or swallowing techniques make eating and drinking safer.
Other tests may include an endoscopy, which allows a doctor to look inside your throat and food pipe, or tests to assess how well the muscles of your food pipe are working.
What are the remedies for swallowing problems?
Treatment depends on what is causing your swallowing difficulty. A speech and language therapist may recommend swallowing exercises or techniques to make swallowing safer.
You may also be advised to change the texture of your food or drinks. Softer foods or thickened drinks can sometimes make swallowing easier and safer. A dietitian may help make sure you continue to get enough calories and nutrients.
If acid reflux is causing the problem, medicines and lifestyle changes may help. The most appropriate treatment will depend on your diagnosis.
See also: Remedies to help you stop coughing
Might I need surgery to help with swallowing problems?
For most people, surgery is not needed to help with swallowing difficulties. However, it may be considered when there is a physical blockage or narrowing in the food pipe.
For example, surgery or another procedure may be used to widen the oesophagus. In some conditions, injections can also be used to relax muscles in the oesophagus and help food and drink reach the stomach.
Your specialist will explain whether a procedure is appropriate and discuss the potential benefits and risks with you.
Can a doctor test for swallowing problems on the NHS?
Yes. Swallowing problems can be assessed and treated through the NHS. Your GP can examine you and arrange a referral if further assessment is needed. Depending on your symptoms, this could involve a speech and language therapist, hospital specialist or diagnostic test.
If you are struggling to swallow, particularly if you are choking, losing weight or repeatedly developing chest infections, do not ignore the symptoms. Getting assessed can help identify the cause and find ways to make eating and drinking safer.
